ASD (autism spectrum disorder) is a developmental impairment caused by brain differences. ASD patients frequently struggle with social communication and interaction, as well as confined or repetitive behaviours or hobbies. People with ASD may also learn, move, or pay attention in various ways. It is crucial to note that some persons who do not have ASD may exhibit some of these symptoms. However, for persons with ASD, these features can make life extremely difficult.
- TYPES OF AUTISM
- LEVEL 1
HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM
Needs support Patient’s social and communication skills and repetitive behaviours are only noticeable without support.
- LEVEL 2
AUTISM
Needs substantial support Patient’s social and communication skills and repetitive behaviours are still obvious to the casual observer, even with support in place.
- LEVEL 3
SEVERE AUTISM
Needs very substantial support. Patient’s social and communication skills and repetitive behaviours severely impair daily life.
- AUTISM SIMPTOM
- Slowly speaking (speech and language delay)
- A sensory problem.
- There is no eye resistance. (eye contact)
- Lack of social and communication skills
- Problem “Motor Skills”
- Meltdown and Tantrum
- Difficulties in focus.
- Hand flapping
- Side gazing
- Tip toeing
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a behavioural issue that affects humans. People with ADHD may appear restless, have difficulty concentrating, and act on impulse. ADHD symptoms are often seen at a young age and may become more obvious as a child’s circumstances change, such as starting school. The majority of instances are diagnosed when children are under the age of 12, however it can be diagnosed later in life.
ADHD is sometimes misdiagnosed as a youngster and only discovered as an adult. ADHD symptoms typically improve with age, but many adults who were diagnosed with the disorder at an early age continue to struggle.Additional issues, including as sleep and anxiety difficulties, may occur in people with ADHD.
- TYPES OF ADHD
- INATTENTIVE
People with inattentive ADHD make careless mistakes because they struggle to focus, follow specific directions, and organise chores and activities. They have poor working memory, are quickly distracted by external stimuli, and frequently misplace items. This type of ADHD, formerly known as ADD, is more typically diagnosed in adults and girls.
- HYPERACTIVE
People with hyperactive ADHD are constantly on the move. They frequently fidget, wriggle, and struggle to remain seated. Children frequently look to be “driven by a motor” and run around excessively. People of various ages may find themselves talking nonstop, interrupting others, blurting out replies, and struggling with self-control. This kind of ADHD is more easily identified and diagnosed in children and men.
- COMBINE
Individuals with combined-type ADHD exhibit six or more symptoms of inattention, as well as six or more symptoms of hyperactivity and impulsivity.
- ADHD SYMPTOM
- Inability to pay attention
- daydreaming
- disorganised
- Fidgeting
- Poor self-control
- Both inattentive and hyperactive
Down syndrome is a genetic condition in which a child is born with an extra copy of chromosome 21. This indicates they have 47 chromosomes instead of 46. This can have an effect on how their brain and body develop. People with Down syndrome live happy and healthy lives with supporting care.
- TYPES OF DOWN SYNDROME
- Trisomy 21 (nondisjunction)
The most frequent kind of Down syndrome is trisomy 21. A “trisomy” is defined as possessing an extra copy of a chromosome. Trisomy 21 is a condition in which a growing foetus has three copies of chromosome 21 in each cell rather than the usual two copies. This kind accounts for 95% of all Down syndrome instances.
- Mosaicism
Mosaic Down syndrome is the most uncommon kind of Down syndrome, accounting for fewer than 1% of all instances. Mosaicism occurs when some cells have just 46 chromosomes while others have 47. Chromosome 21 is the additional chromosome in some cells.
- Translocation
Translocation is a kind of Down syndrome in which a portion of chromosome 21 is joined to another chromosome. Translocation, as opposed to trisomy 21, happens when chromosome 21 is not distinct but relocates to another numbered chromosome. Less than 4% of all cases of Down syndrome are of this type.
- DOWN SYNDROME SYMPTOM
- A flat nose bridge.
- Slanted eyes that point upward.
- A short neck.
- Small ears, hands and feet.
- Weak muscle tone at birth.
- Small pinky finger that points inward towards the thumb.
- One crease in the palm of their hand (palmar crease).
- Shorter-than-average height.
A child with speech and language delay is unable to use words or other kinds of communication at the expected ages. Language delays include difficulties comprehending what is spoken or read. There may also be difficulties in putting words together to form meaning.
